Content:
1.ENCODER
2.APPLICATION AND
TYPES OF ENCODER
What is an Encoder?
Encoders are software programs that are used for compressing information. Often, the function of an encoder will also allow for the conversion of data from one format to another. While there are several types of programs that accomplish this for text data, the encoder is usually associated with audio and video.
One of the common uses of an encoder today has to do with the conversion of audio files from an originating format to one that will match with a specific player. For example, an encoder would be used to compress and convert a WAV file into a file type that would be compatible on an MP3 player. The WAV file would be compressed to a fraction of the original size. The compression would take place without having a negative impact on the sound quality of the converted file.
Maintaining sound quality while significantly reducing the size of the original file is central to how the encoder accomplishes the task. The idea is to maintain the integrity of the code while still creating the proper encrypting codes that are relevant to the new format. In some cases, this may involve adding redundancies to the converted file. At other times, the encoder may minimize redundancy. The exact setup of the original file will dictate what has to be done in order to compress and convert
TYPES OF ENCODER
The encoder can also help bridge the gap between older technology and the latest in portable handheld devices that store music and files. Inherent to the function of devices that allow music files to be created from vinyl records is the presence of an encoder. In this application, the encoder helps to convert the older analog signal of the vinyl recordings into a bitstream and file format that can be loaded onto a CD or stored on a computer. If necessary, the newly created audio file can once again be converted into another digital format and loaded onto a handheld device.
Absolute Encoders
The Allen-Bradley family of Absolute shaft encoders are Electro-mechanical devices that provide a digital output related to the position of a rotating shaft. They are useful feedback elements in closed loop control systems.
Absolute Encoders provide the absolute position of the shaft and are used when position data must be retained during loss of power. Absolute Encoders are characterized by their ability to provide a unique parallel code for each position of the shaft and do not rely on external electronics to decode shaft position, and are therefore excellent choices in systems that require 'failsafe' operation.
Allen-Bradley Absolute Encoders give you position control in packaging, robotics, pick and place, lead/ball screw, rotary table positioning and component insertion applications.
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts the angular position of a shaft or axle to an analog or digital code, making it an angle transducer. Rotary encoders are used in many applications that require precise shaft unlimited rotation—including industrial controls, robotics, special purpose photographic lenses[1], computer input devices (such as optomechanical mice and trackballs), and rotating radar platforms.
How to Convert AIFF to MP3
If you have been trying to download an AIFF audio file to your MP3 player, chances are it didn't work. MP3 players generally support files in MP3 format, so to upload them to your MP3 player, well they would need to be in MP3 format.
Now you can take those favorite music files that you want to listen to, convert and upload them to your MP3 player so you can listen to them wherever you go.
Digital video
Refers to the capturing, manipulation and storage of video in digital formats. A digital video (DV) camcorder, for example, is a video camera that captures and stores images on a digital medium such as a DAT.
Magnetic encoders
To meet the increasing demand for reliable, low cost, rotary and linear encoding Renishaw works closely with our associate company RLS d.o.o., to produce a range of robust magnetic linear encoders, magnetic ring encoders and magnetic rotary encoders.
Designed for use in harsh environments, such as industrial automation and assembly systems, metalworking, stone-cutting, sawing, textiles, plastics processing, woodworking, packaging and electronic chip/board production, these high-speed magnetic encoders complement Renishaw's extensive range of optical angle encoder and optical linear encoder products.
Find full technical details of Renishaw's range of magnetic encoders at the website of our associate company RLS d.o.o., speak directly to your local Renishaw office, or request further details.
| | | |||
|
| |
| |
|
Servo motor encoder
United States Patent 5668456
The invention provides a servo motor encoder in which signals are output via signal lines and output terminals which are used in common. Incremental signals A, B, and Z and servo motor magnetic pole position detection signals UE, VE, and WE are switched by a multiplexer so as to output these signals via a common line driver. Alternatively, two line drivers are selectively activated and inactivated so that incremental signals and servo motor magnetic pole position detection signals are output via common signal lines. In any modes, signals can be carried via a less number of signal lines.
encoder design using Application Engine Synthesis
System on Chip design is driven by complex consumer devices that rely on standard algorithms such as H.264, WiMax, or JPEG for their defining capabilities. These reference standards allow room for innovative implementation that result in differentiated products.
Designing these SoCs is an enormous undertaking, with significant cost and risk associated with each project. One way to reduce both project cost and schedule risk is to use Application Engine Synthesis (AES) for the automatic creation of an application engine such as an H.264 encoder from a sequential, untimed C algorithm.
The goal of the project described in this article was to emulate a typical design process for an H.264 encoder and to determine AES's ability to generate efficient hardware designs for real-life, high-complexity applications, while also demonstrating significant savings in terms of time and cost (of resources). We set the target of building an H.264 encoder for D1 size video that would meet real-time requirements (30 frames per second) on the most stringent test sequences, and aimed to complete the project in less than 5 months.
This article describes the process used, targets met, and productivity gains achieved.
Figure 1: In a consumer SoC, complex application engines consume significant design and verification time. Other components rarely change.
The role of application engines
A typical SoC designed for a consumer device comprises various kinds of IP. At the highest level, there are four different types of IP:
1. Complex application engines (e.g., video codecs, modems): These define the functionality of the product, and change rapidly with each revision. This type of IP is based on reference algorithms that are already in C and that are designed by architects who work in C.
2. Star IP such as CPUs and DSPs: This is usually hand-crafted, built bottom-up, needs significant investment, and doesn't change often.
3. Connectivity and Control IP such as USB and DMA: This type of IP never defines the functionality nor differentiates the end product. Sometimes, it needs a limited amount of tailoring.
4. Memory: This takes up the largest amount of area, but also neither defines the function nor differentiates the end product. Memories are almost always compiled and built bottom-up.
Typically, the bulk of engineering effort is in designing and verifying complex application engines. These are complex pieces of IP and are usually subdivided into many blocks. Depending on the application, an engine may consist of a control processor and one or more hardware accelerators that help to meet design objectives such as cost, performance, and power.
No comments:
Post a Comment